Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Garbe PL[original query] |
---|
Where there is smoke: Introduction to the virtual special issue of health impacts of wildland fire smoke exposure - Selected papers from the 2nd International Smoke Symposium
McCarty JL , Garbe PL . Sci Total Environ 2018 626 1259-1260 The Second International Smoke Symposium (ISS2: http://www.iawfonline.org/2016SmokeSymposium/), held in November 2016 in Long Beach, California, USA, was sponsored by the International Association of Wildland Fire and had participation from atmospheric scientists, ecologists, mathematicians, computer scientists, climatologists, social scientists, health professionals, smoke responders, wildland fire-fighters, business owners, national, tribal, state, and local government officials from North America, Europe, and Australia, and others to discuss the complex issues of wildland fire smoke and identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for innovation and development. This Virtual Special Issue, composed of five original contributions invited from the over 100 oral and poster presentations at ISS2, illustrates current interdisciplinary approaches and technological advances needed to quantify, understand, and communicate the human impact of wildland prescribed fires. |
Air quality awareness among U.S. adults with respiratory and heart disease
Mirabelli MC , Boehmer TK , Damon SA , Sircar KD , Wall HK , Yip FY , Zahran HS , Garbe PL . Am J Prev Med 2018 54 (5) 679-687 INTRODUCTION: Poor air quality affects respiratory and cardiovascular health. Information about health risks associated with outdoor air quality is communicated to the public using air quality alerts. This study was conducted to assess associations of existing respiratory and heart disease with three aspects of air quality awareness: awareness of air quality alerts, discussing with a health professional strategies to reduce air pollution exposure, and avoiding busy roads to reduce air pollution exposure when walking, biking, or exercising outdoors. METHODS: During 2014-2016, a total of 12,599 U.S. adults participated in summer waves of the ConsumerStyles surveys and self-reported asthma, emphysema/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, and each aspect of air quality awareness. In 2017, associations between each health condition and air quality awareness were estimated using log binomial and multinomial regression. RESULTS: Overall, 49% of respondents were aware of air quality alerts, 3% discussed with a health professional strategies to reduce air pollution exposure, and 27% always/usually avoided busy roads to reduce air pollution exposure. Asthma was associated with increased prevalence of awareness of air quality alerts (prevalence ratio=1.11, 95% CI=1.04, 1.20), discussing with a health professional (prevalence ratio=4.88, 95% CI=3.74, 6.37), and always/usually avoiding busy roads to reduce air pollution exposure (prevalence ratio=1.13, 95% CI=1.01, 1.27). Heart disease was not associated with air quality awareness. CONCLUSIONS: Existing respiratory disease, but not heart disease, was associated with increased air quality awareness. These findings reveal important opportunities to raise awareness of air quality alerts and behavior changes aimed at reducing air pollution exposure among adults at risk of exacerbating respiratory and heart diseases. |
Vital Signs: Asthma in children - United States, 2001-2016
Zahran HS , Bailey CM , Damon SA , Garbe PL , Breysse PN . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (5) 149-155 BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease of childhood, affecting approximately 6 million children in the United States. Although asthma cannot be cured, most of the time, asthma symptoms can be controlled by avoiding or reducing exposure to asthma triggers (allergens and irritants) and by following recommendations for asthma education and appropriate medical care. METHODS: CDC analyzed asthma data from the 2001-2016 National Health Interview Survey for children aged 0-17 years to examine trends and demographic differences in health outcomes and health care use. RESULTS: Asthma was more prevalent among boys (9.2%) than among girls (7.4%), children aged >/=5 years (approximately 10%) than children aged <5 years (3.8%), non-Hispanic black (black) children (15.7%) and children of Puerto Rican descent (12.9%) than among non-Hispanic white (white) children (7.1%), and children living in low income families (10.5%) than among those living in families with income >/=250% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) (approximately 7%). Asthma prevalence among children increased from 8.7% in 2001 to 9.4% in 2010, and then decreased to 8.3% in 2016. Although not all changes were statistically significant, a similar pattern was observed among subdemographic groups studied, with the exception of Mexican/Mexican-American children, among whom asthma prevalence increased from 5.1% in 2001 to 6.5% in 2016. Among children with asthma, the percentage who had an asthma attack in the past 12 months declined significantly from 2001 to 2016. Whereas asthma prevalence was lower among children aged 0-4 years than among older children, the prevalence of asthma attacks (62.4%), emergency department or urgent care center (ED/UC) visits (31.1%), and hospitalization (10.4%) were higher among children with asthma aged 0-4 years than among those aged 12-17 years (44.8%, 9.6%, and 2.8%, respectively). During 2013, children with asthma aged 5-17 years missed 13.8 million days of school per year (2.6 days per child). Compared with 2003, in 2013, the prevalence of adverse health outcomes and health care use were significantly lower and the prevalence of having an action plan to manage asthma was higher. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Asthma remains an important public health and medical problem. The health of children with asthma can be improved by promoting asthma control strategies, including asthma trigger reduction, appropriate guidelines-based medical management, and asthma education for children, parents, and others involved in asthma care. |
First things first: protecting children with asthma from infection with influenza
Garbe PL , Callahan DB , Lu PJ , Euler GL . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012 185 (12) i-ii Currently in the U.S., approximately 7 million children (9.4%) have asthma (1), making it the most prevalent serious chronic illness among U.S. children. Clinically, the association of viral respiratory infections and asthma exacerbations has been understood for decades. More recently, infections with particular viruses have been identified as being particularly risky: respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and influenza virus are notable examples. In the spring of 2009, a new influenza virus (A(H1N1)pdm09 [2009 H1N1]) with pandemic potential was isolated from patients in the U.S. and around the world (2). Early data indicated that certain comorbid medical conditions increased the risk for hospitalization and intensive care unit admission (3). Persons with asthma appeared to bear a disproportionate risk, and local and state health departments along with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed and disseminated guidance early in the outbreak for persons with asthma and their health care providers. Early diagnosis and use of antiviral medication, along with public health practices like self-distancing and hand-washing, were emphasized. Persons with comorbid conditions (including asthma) were prioritized to receive vaccine once it became available. These recommendations, however, were more re-iterations of existing practices and policies rather than de novo interventions. As was consistent with previous recommendations, vaccination of persons with asthma was to prevent influenza because of the risk of increased disease severity, rather than increased risk of becoming infected with influenza virus. Analysis of existing data did not, at that point in time, support (nor refute) an increased risk of infection among persons with asthma. |
Unhealthy air quality - United States, 2006-2009
Yip FY , Pearcy JN , Garbe PL , Truman BI . MMWR Suppl 2011 60 (1) 28-32 Particulate matter and ozone are two well-characterized air pollutants that can affect health and are monitored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Particulate matter (solid or liquid particles suspended in the air) varies widely in size and chemical composition and can include smoke, fumes, soot, and combustion by-products, as well as natural particles (e.g., windblown dust, pollen, and sea salt) (1,2). Particulate matter therefore represents a complex class of air pollutants that differ from other gaseous air pollutants (e.g., ozone). The transport and effect of particulate matter, both in the atmosphere and in the human respiratory tract, are governed principally by particulate size, shape, and density. Individual particles are characterized by their equivalent aerodynamic diameter: coarse particulate matter (2.5--10 µm); fine particulate matter, or PM2.5 (0.1--2.5 µm); and ultrafine particulate matter (<0.1 µm). Ozone is a gas that occurs naturally in the stratosphere, approximately 10--30 miles above the earth's surface, protecting the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays. Ozone also exists at ground level and is the primary component of smog. At ground level, ozone is created when specific pollutants react in the presence of sunlight. In urban areas, vehicular and industrial emissions are chief contributors to ozone production. Ground-level ozone adversely affects health and damages the environment. | | The association between outdoor particulate matter concentrations and acute and chronic adverse health outcomes includes premature death, lung cancer, exacerbation of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and increased risks for cardiovascular morbidity (e.g., myocardial infarction and arrhythmia) (1--6). Data indicate that fine particulate matter is the size fraction most strongly associated with these observed health effects (1--7). Populations most susceptible to these exposures include older adults and children, as well as persons with heart and lung disease. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were set forth in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970* requiring EPA to set air quality standards for specific pollutants, such as PM2.5 and ozone, to protect the health of the general public, as well as that of sensitive populations. States that do not meet the standards are subject to additional regulatory requirements and must develop a state implementation plan to meet the standards. State implementation plans might include control requirements and limits on emissions. In 2006, on the basis of increasing evidence of the effects of PM2.5 on human health, EPA revised its 24-hour NAAQS from 65 µg/m3 to 35 µg/m3. Throughout the United States, PM2.5 concentrations have been decreasing; more counties were in compliance with national pollution standards as of 2008 compared with previous years (8). During 2001--2008, the average annual and 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations declined by 17% and 19%, respectively (8). |
Evaluating home-based, multicomponent, multi-trigger interventions: your results may vary
Wilce MA , Garbe PL . Am J Prev Med 2011 41 S52-4 In public health, we operate in a world of tight resources, making the best decisions possible to maximize benefits to people with asthma, their families, and our communities. The use of evidence-based interventions is an effective way to build on experience by implementing interventions that have shown previous effectiveness. The systematic review published in this supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine was completed in order to identify effective asthma interventions for reducing asthma morbidity in a community setting.1, 2, 3 The plan is to use the information to guide funded programs on how to best allocate their resources, as well as to direct our own research and evaluation efforts at the national level. Home-based asthma interventions were chosen for the review in order to focus on efforts to reduce indoor asthma triggers because this type of intervention is used more and more at the state level, and there is not much information summarizing the effectiveness of these interventions on a community level. | The two Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide) reviews2, 3 together are invaluable resources to help us make the right decisions for our programs and, ultimately help people with asthma and their families. These Community Guide reviews are exciting: They give us evidence that home-based environmental interventions can improve the lives of children with asthma and their families. Moreover, moderate-intensity interventions can be cost effective. |
Assessing community-based approaches to asthma control: the Controlling Asthma in American Cities Project
Herman EJ , Garbe PL , McGeehin MA . J Urban Health 2011 88 Suppl 1 1-6 More than 30 million people in the USA have been diagnosed with asthma during their lifetime. Of the 20 million US residents who currently have asthma, 12 million have had an asthma episode or attack during the past year. Asthma affects people of all races, both sexes, and all ages, and in every region of the USA. However, asthma occurs more often among children, women and girls, African Americans, Puerto Ricans, people in the Northeast, those living below the federal poverty level, and those with particular work-related exposures. Asthma death rates rose between 1980 and 1996 among both sexes and most age and ethnic groups, but have declined since 2000. Women and girls account for nearly 64% of asthma deaths overall, although, among children, more boys than girls die each year. Many of the 4,000 asthma-related deaths that occur annually could be avoided with proper treatment and care.1 | The burden of asthma in the USA has increased greatly over the last 25 years and affects our nation and health system in more ways than limited and lost lives. Asthma leads to almost 13 million outpatient physician visits and two million emergency department visits each year. Asthma is a leading cause of school absenteeism with children missing almost 14 million school days per year due to asthma.2 Asthma is the fourth leading cause of work absenteeism and diminished work productivity among adults, resulting in nearly 12 million missed or less productive workdays each year.2 The estimated annual cost of asthma for 2006 was over $32 billion, including nearly $28 billion in direct health care costs and $4.5 billion for indirect costs such as lost earnings due to illness or death.3 |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure